الحكومة والقطاع العام.

A contractor who accepted a Saudi GTPL dispute resolution clause without understanding that the Board of Grievances process can take 2–4 years to reach a substantive hearing has given up the speed advantage that arbitration provides — on a government contract where payment delays are already structural.

A claim against a sovereign entity that is found to be immune from enforcement leaves the claimant with an award it cannot execute — regardless of the merits, the quantum, or the years of arbitration that produced it.

A PPP concession with inadequate change-in-law protection that is subsequently affected by new environmental regulation, Saudisation requirements, or VAT changes creates a commercial loss that the concessionaire has no contractual right to recover.